"The Rohingya, Myanmar and Muslims." - Mapping the World | ARTE

"The Rohingya, Myanmar and Muslims." - Mapping the World | ARTE

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The Rohingyas are the Muslim inhabitants of the Burmese rakhaing state, the nation that suffers the most from persecution in the world. In September 2017, half a million Rohingyas fled the repressive measures of the Burmese army - the largest ethnic cleansing ever seen in the country. The rejection of a Muslim minority in a predominantly Buddhist country is nothing new and only the most visible part of much wider problems. 

Myanmar is a multi-ethnic state with approximately 52 million inhabitants, which includes 135 different ethnic groups. The largest ethnic group is 70% of Burmese population. The Shan are the second largest ethnic group and live mainly in the Shan state of the country, in areas from about 1000 meters altitude. 6.2% are the predominantly Christian Karen and 2.4% belong to the Mon. 

Human rights organizations accuse the government and military against human rights violations such as forced labor, forced eviction of villages, torture, rape and use of child soldiers in the still ongoing battles against insurgents, particularly against ethnic minorities such as the Karen and Rohingya. 

Mainly in Rakhine State live about 730,000 Arakanesen. Also living in the Rakhine state are the Muslim Rohingya who are denied status as an ethnic group. The Rohingya are not recognized by the state as an ethnic group, do not receive Myanmar citizenship, and are considered by the United Nations to be the "most persecuted minority in the world." They speak an Indo-European language closely related to the Bengali. Many of them have fled to Bangladesh. 

When violence escalated in Rakhaing in 2012, radical Buddhists founded the 969 Movement, a campaign to protect 'race and religion'. Originally 969 is a Buddhist symbol. The numbers embody the 'three jewels' of the Buddhist teachings. However, the 969 movement uses the figure for nationalist propaganda by attaching stickers to Buddhist shops to alert other Buddhists to support this business. By contrast, Muslim businesses are to be boycotted, which is why Wirathu is also known as 'Adolf Hitler Myanmar'. 

After Myanmar had fallen internationally because of the refugee crisis widespread criticism, Aung San Suu Kyi expressed publicly for the first time on 19 September 2017 a speech in Myanmar's capital Naypyidaw on the situation of the Rohingya and condemned human rights violations. It announced new efforts to find a peaceful solution and asked the international community for patience. Aung San Suu Kyi also stated that most villages in the Rakhine region were not affected by the violence. She invited foreign diplomats to visit Rakhine to find out about the situation there. Prior to their speech, the US had called on the government of Myanmar to end military action against the Rohingya. 

In November 2017, the Myanmar Foreign Ministry announced that it had signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Bangladesh to facilitate the repatriation of the Rohingya refugees. According to the government of Bangladesh, the repatriation should begin within two months. The conditions in the crowded refugee camps in Bangladesh are considered catastrophic. The number of refugees there is estimated at more than 620,000 Rohingya. After human rights experts as "genocide" as well as some States and the United Nations had condemned as "ethnic cleansing" violence against the Rohingya, also traveled to Myanmar US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson Myanmar threw first "ethnic cleansing" before. 

 Entry length: 12.33 minutes First broadcast: 25.11.2017 

Video in French: https://youtu.be/6Ljk8qr7Mgc

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