The Economy of Pulses from FAO
India Discusses on Importing Pulses with Africa and Myanmar
Indian government is said to be in talks with Myanmar
and some African nations for government-to-government import of pulses
to boost domestic supply and check prices. Already, a memorandum of
understanding (MoU) has been signed with Mozambique for importing pulses
on a long term basis and address the domestic gap. There is a
demand-supply gap of about 7.6 million tonnes in pulses.
However, the government has designated MMTC to
undertake imports since 2015. State-owned MMTC has contracted 56,000
tonnes of pulses, of which 21,584 tonnes have arrived, as per the
official data. India imported about 5.8 million tonnes of pulses both
through public and private agencies. The gap in pulses demand-supply has
widened due to fall in domestic production to around 17 million tonnes
in the past two crop years affected by consecutive droughts.
He said the government has taken series of measures
to contain prices of pulses, including sale of pulses at a highly
subsidised rates, creation of buffer stock up to 20 lakh tonnes and
imposition of stock limits on traders among others. The Minister had
asked the states to place demand for pulses from buffer stock for retail
distribution at subsidised rate of Rs 120/kg to provide relief to
comman people.
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India may process import of pulses from Myanmar, African nations
Import of pulses: Faced with the highest surge in food prices in the past 2 years, the NDA govt. did some brain-exercise on Wednesday to devise steps to counter prices, especially of pulses by import of pluses.
At a review meeting convened by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley here, it was decided to boost supply-division by increasing buffer stocks and imports.
The Centre may look to Myanmar and Africa to import lentils and pulses, it is estimated now. India has already proposed a draft agreement for import of tur from Myanmar via the government route.
Many African nations have also shown interest in supplying lentils to India region.
“The Finance Minister said imports via public and private agencies
should be forced to meet the deficit,” Food Minister Ram Vilas Paswan
explained newspersons after the meeting. He added that the demand-supply
large gap of about 7.6 million tonnes of pulses was being met by imports and local procurement to create a buffer stock of 1.5 lakh tonnes this yr.
It is not only the fired uplift in prices of pulses, which have soaked to as much as ₹170/kg, that has hurt the aam aadmi; even vegetable prices have started up in recent weeks.
Tomato
prices in major retail markets have twice affected to Rs. 80-100/kg in
the last 15 days due to sluggish supply owing to crop major damage.
Potato prices have also been on the rise platform.
“If prices
rise despite this measure, the Centre is not at all responsible. In a
federal structure, States have equal and clear responsibility in
controlling prices,” he said, adding that the Centre had created a
buffer stock, but “not many States had shown interest in these areas.”
Against this year’s procurement target of 1.5 lakh tonnes of pulses for buffer stocks, 1.15 lakh tonnes has been purchased, he added.
For similar and recent trends on which countries are importing what, when and in how many quantities, Please subscribe to our monthly market research data available from different countries on import and export segment.
Photo Courtesy: Milleniumpost
Ref:http://tradeexim.com/india-may-process-import-of-pulses-from-myanmar-african-nations/
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Cluster(Gawar)Beans
(Cyamopsis tetragonolobus)
#700 -
Navbahar
This crunchy bean is low in
calories and popular throughout India. The plant is extremely hardy
and grows easily even in drought-like conditions. Approximately 75-85 seeds/pkt.
#700-Pkt.
$2.49 #700Z
-1 oz. $8.00
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Yard Long Bean
(Vigna sinensis)
# 705 - Usha
Also known as asparagus bean. Heat and wet tolerant. Pods:
long and slender, 50 to 70 cm long, medium green color. The vines
are rampant climbers, so plant next to a bean tower or trellis.
Maturity: beginning of harvest 50-60 days after sowing. Pick beans when they are the width of a pencil.#705-Pkt. $2.49 #705Z - 1 oz. $8.00 |
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Yard Long Bean - BLACK SEEDED VARIETY
# 706- Lata
High-yielding variety with
vigorous growth and purplish-yellow flowers. Beans are dark green with a
purple tip. Pod length is 55 - 60 centimeters.
Plants first flower after about 35 days and can be first harvested after 45
days. Seeds are black.
Pkt. $2.49
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# 725 - Red Chori
(Vigna Angularis)
Also known as Adzuki (azuki)
beans, red chori, and red cow peas. Chori beans are sweet and
relatively easy to digest and don't take as long to cook. The adzuki is used
in Asian cuisines in salads and even as a topping on shaved ice or ice
cream.
Pkt.
$2.49
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#715
- Soybean (Lysine Max)
Lucky Lion: 76 days. Vivid green
soybean. Large pods. Excellent eating quality. Soybeans are an important
global crop and has been used as food in eastern Asia long before written
records. Soybeans
are a source of complete protein. Vegetarians rely on them often for protein in place of
meat or fish. For edamame just boil pods in lightly salted water for 5
minutes. Shell and enjoy. Best grown in a rich topsoil with plenty of sand added.
Pkt.
$2.49
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Papdi Beans (Dolichos
lablab) # 710-Priya The hyacinth bean is a very decorative vine that grows rapidly,
likes the summer heat and can be used as a vegetable. It is also
called Val Bean, Valore bean and Indian Bean.
The complete plant is edible . The young leaves can be eaten in salad, the older leaves can be cooked. The flowers are edible raw. The young beans should be harvested and used to prepare Indian dishes.The dried seed should not be eaten. #710-Pkt. $2.49 #710Z -1 oz. $8.00 |
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#750 Yellow Wax Kentucky
Wonder(Phaseolus vulgaris)
A type of snap bean that is very similar to a green
bean except for the yellow color. This bean is picked at the early or
immature stage of development, when it is tender, sweet and crisp, and eaten
with the pod on.
Approximately 30 seeds/pkt
$1.49
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#760 Royal Burgundy Bean(Phaseolus
vulgaris):
A glossy deep purple-podded bean. A colorful
addition to the garden, pods are delicious and turn dark green when cooked.
Pods are round, stringless and 5 to 6 inches long at maturity. A bush bean,
the plants grow well in cool conditions and has resistance to several bean
viruses. 52 days to maturity.
Approximately 30 seeds/pkt $1.49
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Snap Pea
#790 Sugar Daddy
(Pisum Sativum)
Snap peas are a cross between snow peas and
green peas. Dwarf 24-30 inch vines need little support and produce
stringless double pods at each node of the top of the plant for easy
picking. Popular in Chinese stir-fry dishes. 62 days.
Approximately 30 seeds/pkt $1.49
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Green Pea
(Pisum Sativum)
#780 Wando: A long time favorite that is tolerant
of heat. Bears 3" pods packed with large, delicious peas. The pods are
easier to pick if you give the 2-1/2 ft. plants string or wire to climb.
Plant
outdoors in full sun, in early spring for an early summer harvest or mid to
late summer for a fall harvest. Pick while pods are
young. 60 days.
Approximately 30 seeds/pkt
$1.49
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Sweet Corn:
#910:
Serendipity Bicolor
The best sweet bicolor that we tasted in the fields, you will marvel over
Serendipity’s smooth, soft-crisp texture and ambrosial flavor. It is
actually known as a triple-sweet! a breeding breakthrough that creates
extra sugar and allows for an extended harvesting window. Serendipity is
able to retain its tender sweetness even when under stress from overly hot
temperatures. It produces fine 8” cobs, just under 2” in diameter, with 16
to 18 perfectly filled rows. The sweetest of summer treats! (F1.)
82 days $1.25
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#701: Indian
bean Collection: 1 ea of USHA, PRIYA &
NAVBAHAR $5.00
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Beans are directly sown into the garden after soil has warmed up.
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Treat bean seeds with nitrogen inoculant (available in garden centers) to increase yields.
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Harvest regularly while the pods are still tender to keep plants producing.
Our young
gardening friend from Dallas, TX harvesting yard-long beans.
Export Markets
Export markets are important to the
Saskatchewan and Canadian pulse trade. Maintaining open access to global
pulse markets internationally ensures that growing pulses continues to
be profitable for producers in Saskatchewan and Canada.
In 2015, lentils were the leading Saskatchewn
agri-food export. The graphs below demonstrate how important these key
export countries are to the Canadian pulse industry.
Saskatchewan pulses are in demand around the world.
The countries that import the largest volume of pulses include India,
China, Turkey, Bangladesh, and the United States. Peas and lentils make
up the largest export volume.
Ref:http://saskpulse.com/markets/export-markets/
Turkish bean many types of pluese!
Logistics of Imported Pulses in India
Introduction
India
produces a quarter of the world’s pulses, accounting for one third of
the total acreage under pulses. Indians consume 30 per cent of the
world’s pulses, but domestic production of pulses has not kept pace with
population growth. The per capita demand for pulses is declining in
India. Yet they remain an important source of protein. Pulses neither
receive sufficient official procurement support that wheat and paddy
get, nor do farmers view them as commercial crops on par with cotton or
soybean. It has resulted in their cultivation, over the years, being
pushed to marginal lands prone to moisture stress. Breaking this impasse
requires a conscious strategy to promote pulses production, including
in irrigated areas. It raises larger questions on why the country isn’t
able to increase pulses production. On the supply side, pulses’
production had hovered around 12 million tonnes during the last three
decades. Stagnation in production has led to rise in the prices of
pulses that further affected their consumption adversely. Traditionally
in India, with relatively more focus accorded to food grains, especially
rice and wheat, the pulses were relegated to marginal environments.
Consequently, over the years despite many focused programs, there were
only slight changes in the production of pulses. However, recent
initiatives through National Food Security Mission and higher minimum
support prices led to leapfrog in production to 18 million tonnes.
However, weak technology delivery mechanisms, and continuing low
profitability of the sector have failed the arrest the shifting of
pulses areas to more remunerative crops. Over all dynamics of the pulses
industry suggest that we still continue to be the net importer of
pulses requiring about 2.5 to 4.0 million tonnes on an annual basis for
the last five years.
Export and Import Direction
Currently
over 182 countries around the globe trade in this sector and the Indian
Subcontinent alone accounts for over 30 per cent of the same. While
this should let India dominate the market, it has been unable to do so
because the high supply deficit in India is known and the steady
increase in imports has made negotiations quite redundant. Imports of
pulses in India have been increasing and currently account for about 20
per cent of total domestic availability. India normally caters to the
need of Asian and African nation’s requirement of pulses.
The
major exporting destinations from India for pulses are given in the
adjacent table. Pakistan still is the most preferred location in terms
of the Indian pulses export with overall share of 29.13 per cent,
followed by Algeria, Turkey, Sri Lanka and UAE. The major pulses
exported from the India are Peas (Pisum Sativum), Chickpeas (Garbanzos),
Moong/Urad, Lentils (Masoor) and Pigeon Peas (Tur). The analysis of
commodity wise exports showed that Chickpeas constitutes of over 80 per
cent of the total exportable pulses from India. Other pulses with
sizable export volume are pigeon peas, moong and urad.
The
country meets its domestic needs primarily through imports from USA,
Australia, Myanmar, Turkey Tanzania and Canada. India accounts for 30 -
40 per cent of total world import of pulses. India has about 1215
major pulse importers, with the largest concentration located in Mumbai,
followed by Kolkata and Delhi. These players reportedly account for
6070 percent of total pulse imports. Apart from the private players
PSU’s like MMTC, PEC, STC and NAFED are also importing actively as per
need. Importers rely primarily on personal networks and contacts with
brokers in countries for market information, obtaining price quotes, and
making purchases. Many traders remain with a given exporter even if
they are able to obtain good market information owing to assurance of a
guaranteed supply. Moreover, due to the limited incomes and price
sensitivity of most Indian consumers, a large percentage (about
80 percent) of imported pulses is rated as FAQ. While quality
is a consideration, importers are only willing to pay small
premiums for better quality. Traders look for the lowest prices at
acceptable qualities. The most important quality attributes are
cleanliness, uniform size, color, and shape (important for milling).
The
major commodity imported in India is the peas (green & Yellow)
(35.70 per cent), followed by Chickpea (18.17 per cent), Moong &
Urad (Black Matpe) (16.74 per cent), Lentil (13.19 per cent) and Pigeon
peas (13.19 per cent). Major countries from where India is importing
pulses are Canada, Myanmar, Australia, Russian Federation, USA, France,
Tanzania, China, Mozambique and Malawi.
In the world, major markets from where India is importing the pulses are:
• Small Chickpea: Burma, Tanzania, Australia, China, UAE
• Pigeon pea: Burma, China and Tanzania
• Black gram: Burma, Singapore and Thailand
• Mung bean: Burma, Singapore, China and Australia
• Green and yellow peas: Canada, Australia, Hungary, Tanzania and US
• Lentil: Netherland, Syria, Canada, Turkey, China
• Large Chickpea or Kabuli: Australia, Canada, Turkey, Iran and Burma
Logistic Movement of Imported Pulses in India
The
major ports in India where pulses consignments are offloaded are JNPT
(Maharashtra), Mumbai (Maharashtra), Chennai (Tamil Nadu), Tuticorin
(Tamil Nadu), Haldia (West Bengal) and Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh). Pulses
in Boxes / Containers from Africa, Canada, UAE, Hungary, Iran, US and
Turkey are offloaded at JNPT whereas, the bulk consignments are
offloaded at Mumbai. These two ports in the Western India cater to the
need of miller located in Western & Central parts of India. Some
pulses, which are imported by Indian PSU’s (MMTC, PEC, STC & NAFED),
are moved to the northern India (Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab,
Haryana and Jammu & Kashmir) to be sold through Public distribution
System of Government of India. In the eastern part of the country, the
major port handling the pulses are Chennai, Haldia and Tuticorin which
handles bulk as well as box / container consignments from Burma, China,
Australia, Singapore and Thailand. The Chennai, Tuticorin and Kakinada
port caters to the pulses requirement of Southern states (Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala), whereas majority on the
consignments at Haldia port heads directly to Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh).
The marketing
channel for the imported pulses in India is given as under:
Import Policy Needs a Serious Revamp
In spite of the above promising statistics for the import and exports
from India, the gap between the supply and demand continues to pose
challenges for the Indian pulses industry. India continues to be the
largest pulses processor, as pulses exporting nations such as Myanmar,
Canada and Australia, do not have adequate pulses processing facility.
In order to strengthen the Indian market the import policy needs a
serious rethinking.
As per the present policy, the Government Agencies invite tenders for
sale of imported pulses in the domestic market. They invite bids from
interested parties and after scrutiny allocate the stock to highest
bidder. Normally, the bids are accepted only if the bid
quantity is more than a threshold limit, such as 200 MT or 500 MT.
The Government agencies do not sell in smaller lots of 1020 MT due to
operational inconvenience and for various other reasons. While the
highest bidder gets the bid quantity, the bids of other interested
buyers is rejected. Hence, mostly the stock goes into the hands of a few
buyers. It is observed that since the stock is allocated only to the
highest bidder it creates a temporary monopolistic scenario in favor of
such successful bidders. In such a case, it is possible for him to take
advantage of such a scenario and to jack up the price for a short while
to earn handsome profit. Since the Government does not have any control
on selling price to be quoted by the successful bidder, it goes on
uninterrupted. The result is that the basic purpose of keeping prices
under control is somewhat defeated.
Another, policy hindering the Indian Competitiveness is the introduction
of 15 per cent subsidy for government entities. The entry of Government
agencies armed with 15 per cent subsidy has changed the trade dynamics
completely. Private importers are not able to compete with Government
agencies. Therefore, when private importers attempted to import, they
lost heavily, as the Government agencies sold their stock at a price
lower than the import parity. As a result, most of the private importers
stopped import of pulses and lot of importers have went out of
business. At present, there is no level playing field, because private
importers cannot claim subsidy, while Government agencies enjoy 15 per
cent subsidy.
Pulse importers face a number of risks that threaten the profitability
of their transactions. Many importers forward sell their products before
taking physical possession of them. Falling domestic prices prior to
delivery provide incentive for buyers to renege on contracts. Domestic
market conditions, particularly variability in domestic production and
import activities, also affect pulse prices. The volume of business and
the prices contracted by other importers serving the same market are key
factors affecting an importer's profitability. Multiple impending
shipments can flood the market and lead to lower prices, increasing the
probability of default by domestic clients. Indian importers also face
foreign exchange risk because transactions with every country are
conducted in U.S. dollar.
Indian traders are finding it difficult to negotiate imports of pulses
from Myanmar as the market in the neighboring country is dominated by
private traders and no government agency is involved. Private traders in
Myanmar tend to increase prices whenever they come to know that the
Indian government is seeking to import the pulses from them. Once
government announce the quantity of pulses we plan to import from
Myanmar, the prices of pulses gets pushed up.
Conclusion
To conclude, The Government should recognize the economic relevance of
pulses futures trading in term of providing instrument to hedge price
risk especially for those who are in pulses import and trade. I feel
that the role of the Government should be to formulate policies and to
decide the macro level parameters. The Government should not enter into
business themselves; rather act like a facilitator and regulator. Even
without engaging themselves into trading directly, they can regulate the
prices by allowing the private importers to import, rather than
importing themselves. Moreover, Instead of selling stock through a
tender process, the Government agencies should sell the entire imported
stock through an electronic platform. This will reduce the cost of
inviting tender and other administrative costs incurred by the
Government agencies. In addition, it will encourage participation by
smaller players.
Published in:
Handbook on Minor and Imported Pulses of India -2014
Ref:http://hanisks.blogspot.sg/2014/05/logistics-of-imported-pulses-in-india.html
Looking to import pulses from Myanmar, Africa to meet shortage: Ram Vilas Paswan
India
is looking to import pulses from Myanmar and African nations to counter
a domestic shortfall of 7.6 million tonnes that has driven local prices
of key pulses like chickpea to a record high, Food Minister Ram Vilas
Paswan said.
More purchases by India, the world's top consumer of
pulses, could help the country rein in its headline inflation, which hit
a near two-year high in June on double-digit annual increases in prices
of sugar, vegetables and pulses.
Reuters
"The
challenge of demand-supply gap of about 7.6 million tonnes (in pulses)
is being addressed via public and private imports," Paswan tweeted on
Thursday morning.
Earlier this month, India said it would help
Mozambique cultivate pulses and then import them through
government-to-government deals in the coming years.
India consumes
nearly 22 million tonnes of pulses annually, but relies heavily on
imports to meet demand as production has been hit by uncertain monsoons
and irrigation problems. In the year to March 2016, overseas purchases
accounted for about a quarter of the country's total consumption.
As a result, pulses have become expensive in the country.
Chickpea
prices, the most consumed pulse in India, have more than doubled in a
year after back-to-back droughts curbed output in the country, prompting
authorities to suspend futures trading in the protein rich food grain.
Prices
will remain high until supplies rise, said Paswan, adding production is
likely to increase this year due to good monsoon rains and the fact
that farmers hiked the area under pulses cultivation due to better
prices.
As of July 22, Indian farmers had cultivated pulses on 9
million hectares, versus 6.5 million hectares during the same period a
year ago, farm ministry data shows.
State governments need to take
measures to limit stock holdings and clamp down on hoarding to check
the rise in prices, Paswan said.
"States can take action against
hoarders and black-marketer's by imposing stock limits on traders. We
can only give direction to states to take action against hoarders. We
cannot do it ourselves because action-taking power rests with the
states," he added.
Ref:http://www.firstpost.com/business/looking-to-import-pulses-from-myanmar-africa-to-meet-shortage-ram-vilas-paswan-2920492.html
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